Enter the Velocity Time Integral (VTI), Cross-Sectional Area (CSA), and Heart Rate into the calculator to determine the Cardiac Output. This calculator helps in assessing the volume of blood the heart pumps out during each beat.

Cardiac Output Vti Formula

The following formula is used to calculate the Cardiac Output using VTI and CSA. 

CO = (VTI * CSA * HR) / 1000

Variables:

  • CO is the Cardiac Output (L/min)
  • VTI is the Velocity Time Integral (cm)
  • CSA is the Cross-Sectional Area of the outflow tract (cm2)
  • HR is the Heart Rate (beats per minute)

To calculate the Cardiac Output, multiply the VTI by the CSA and the Heart Rate, then divide the result by 1000 to convert to liters per minute.

What is Cardiac Output?

Cardiac Output is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by the left or right ventricle, in one minute. It is a critical parameter in cardiac physiology and can be indicative of the heart’s efficiency and overall health. The measurement of Cardiac Output is essential in diagnosing and managing various cardiac conditions.

How to Calculate Cardiac Output?

The following steps outline how to calculate the Cardiac Output using VTI and CSA.

  1. First, determine the Velocity Time Integral (VTI) in centimeters.
  2. Next, determine the Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) of the outflow tract in square centimeters.
  3. Then, determine the Heart Rate (HR) in beats per minute.
  4. Use the formula to calculate the Cardiac Output (CO) in liters per minute: CO = (VTI * CSA * HR) / 1000.
  5. After inserting the variables and calculating the result, check your answer with the calculator above.

Example Problem : 

Use the following variables as an example problem to test your knowledge.

Velocity Time Integral (VTI) = 25 cm

Cross-Sectional Area (CSA) = 4 cm2

Heart Rate (HR) = 70 beats per minute