Calculate demand factor, maximum demand, or connected load from any two values, with W, kW, and MW units for electrical load planning.

Compare maximum demand with total connected load.

Use consistent real-power load bases. This ratio does not approve cable, protection or supply sizing; those require a qualified electrical design.

Demand Factor Formula

DF = MD / CL

Variables:

  • DF is the Demand Factor (kW/kW)
  • MD is the maximum demand (kW)
  • CL is the connected load (kW)

To calculate the Demand Factor, divide the maximum demand by the connected load.

How to Calculate Demand Factor?

The following steps outline how to calculate the Demand Factor.

  1. First, determine the maximum demand (kW). 
  2. Next, determine the connected load (kW). 
  3. Next, gather the formula from above = DF = MD / CL.
  4. Finally, calculate the Demand Factor.
  5. After inserting the variables and calculating the result, check your answer with the calculator above.

Example Problem : 

Use the following variables as an example problem to test your knowledge.

maximum demand (kW) = 300

connected load (kW) = 500

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the significance of calculating the Demand Factor in electrical systems?

Demand factor compares maximum demand with total connected load on the same power basis. It describes how much of the connected load is demanded at the peak; it is not a measure of energy efficiency.

How can the Demand Factor influence the design of electrical installations?

Demand factor can inform an electrical load assessment. Selecting transformers, conductors, protection and supply capacity also requires applicable design rules, operating conditions and a qualified electrical designer; this ratio alone does not establish safe ratings.

Is the Demand Factor always less than or equal to 1?

For consistent rated connected-load and maximum-demand power bases, demand factor lies between 0 and 1. A factor of 1 means demand equals connected load. A result above 1 calls for checking the load inventory, units and measurement basis.

Can the Demand Factor vary over time?

Yes, the Demand Factor can vary over time due to changes in how a facility is used, seasonal variations, and the addition or removal of equipment. Regular analysis of the Demand Factor can help in identifying trends, optimizing electrical system performance, and planning for future expansions or modifications.