Estimate density, specific volume, and volume reduction of pure liquid water at constant temperature, using a small-compression bulk-modulus model. This calculator is limited to 0โ€“40 ยฐC and a pressure increase no greater than 1% of the selected modulus.

Small-compression estimate for liquid water at 0โ€“40 ยฐC. Default bulk modulus: 2.2 GPa; pressure increase is limited to 1% of the modulus.

Bulk modulus

Blank uses 2.2 GPa. Enter a justified value for your temperature and pressure.

Related Calculators

Compressed Water Formula

The following small-compression approximation estimates final water volume at constant temperature, with a constant bulk modulus over the pressure increment.

Vf = Vแตข ร— (1 - (P ร— 1e5 / K))
  • Where V_f is the final volume (mยณ)
  • V_i is the initial volume (mยณ)
  • P is the pressure increase (bar)
  • K is the bulk modulus of water (Pa)

Select density and specific volume, or final volume and compression, then enter the requested values. The default modulus is 2.2 GPa; a justified custom modulus can be entered in the optional section.

What is a Compressed Water Calculator?

Definition:

A Compressed Water Calculator estimates density and specific volume, or final volume and compression, from water temperature and a nonnegative gauge pressure increase. It uses an atmospheric pure-water density correlation and an approximate constant bulk modulus; it does not solve for initial volume or pressure.

How to Calculate Compressed Water Variables?

Example Problem:

The following example outlines the steps and information needed to calculate the final volume of water under compression.

First, determine the initial volume. In this example, the initial volume is 1.000 mยณ.

Next, identify the pressure increase applied to the water. In this example, the pressure increase is 10 bar.

Finally, calculate the final volume using the formula above:

V_f = V_i * (1 – (P * 1e5 / K))

V_f = 1.000 * (1 – (10 * 1e5 / 2.2e9))

V_f โ‰ˆ 0.9995 mยณ

FAQ

What factors can affect the calculated compressed water values?

The calculated values can be influenced by the accuracy of the bulk modulus used, temperature variations, and measurement precision of the initial and final volumes.

How accurate is the bulk modulus value used in the calculations?

The default bulk modulus (2.2ร—10โน Pa) is approximate and varies with temperature and pressure. The 1% compression limit is an implementation guard, not an accuracy guarantee. Use a validated water-property model, such as IAPWS, for precise engineering calculations.

Can this calculator be used for liquids other than water?

This calculator is specifically designed for water using its bulk modulus. For other liquids, a different bulk modulus and potentially adjusted formulas would be required.