Enter the outdoor air temperature (°C), the solar radiation absorptivity α (dimensionless), the net longwave (infrared) radiation term ΔR (W/m²), the overall exterior surface heat transfer coefficient h (W/m²-K), and the global solar irradiance I (W/m²) into the Sol-Air Temperature Calculator. The calculator will evaluate the Sol-Air Temperature.

Sol-Air Temperature Calculator

Pick surface type, then enter outdoor temperature and solar irradiance.

Wall (vertical)
Roof (horizontal)

Sol-Air Temperature Formula

The following formula is used to calculate the Sol-Air Temperature.

T_{sa} = T_o + (\alpha I - \Delta R) / h

Variables:

  • Tsa is the Sol-Air Temperature (°C)
  • To is the outdoor air temperature (°C)
  • α is the solar radiation absorptivity (dimensionless, typically between 0 and 1)
  • I is the global solar irradiance (W/m²)
  • ΔR is the net longwave (infrared) radiation term (W/m²). With the sign convention used here, ΔR is positive when the surface loses heat to the sky.
  • h is the overall exterior surface heat transfer coefficient (W/m²-K), typically including both convection and longwave radiation

How to Calculate Sol-Air Temperature?

The following steps outline how to calculate the Sol-Air Temperature.


  1. First, determine the outdoor air temperature (°C).
  2. Next, determine the solar radiation absorptivity α (dimensionless).
  3. Next, determine the global solar irradiance I (W/m²).
  4. Next, determine the net longwave term ΔR (W/m²) and the overall exterior surface heat transfer coefficient h (W/m²-K).
  5. Next, gather the formula from above: Tsa = To + (α·I - ΔR) / h.
  6. Finally, calculate the Sol-Air Temperature and compare your answer with the calculator above.

Example Problem:

Use the following variables as an example problem to test your knowledge.

outdoor air temperature (°C) = 4

solar radiation absorptivity α = 0.59

global solar irradiance I (W/m²) = 122

net longwave term ΔR (W/m²) = 20

overall exterior surface heat transfer coefficient h (W/m²-K) = 20

Tsa = To + (α·I - ΔR) / h = 6.599 °C (≈ 6.60 °C)