Convert peak or peak-to-peak voltage to RMS voltage (Vrms), or Vrms to Vpeak and Vpp, for sine, square, triangle, sawtooth and rectified waveforms.

Ideal shapes with no added DC offset. Rectified sine and 0-to-peak pulse results include their own DC component. Frequency does not matter.

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VRMS Formula

The following formula can be used to calculate the root mean square voltage of a zero-centered sinusoidal periodic voltage.

VRMS = Vpeak / √2 ≈ Vpeak × 0.7071
  • Where VRMS is the root mean square voltage
  • Vpeak is the peak voltage

To calculate RMS voltage (VRMS) for a zero-centered sine wave, multiply the peak voltage by approximately 0.7071 (which is 1/√2).

VRMS Definition

VRMS stands for root mean square voltage. It is defined as the square root of the mean of the squared instantaneous voltage over one full cycle. For a purely resistive load, VRMS is the equivalent DC voltage that would produce the same average heating (power) as the AC waveform.

How to calculate VRMS?

How to calculate VRMS?

  1. First, determine the peak voltage.

    Measure or calculate the peak voltage of the zero-centered sinusoidal voltage source.

  2. Next, enter the value into the formula.

    Enter the value of the peak voltage into the formula and multiply it by 0.7071 (1/√2).

  3. Analyze the results.

    Compare the results of the VRMS calculated in step 2 with the expected outcome.

FAQ

What is VRMS?

VRMS stands for root mean square voltage. For any periodic waveform, VRMS is defined as the square root of the average of v(t)2 over one period. For a zero-centered sine wave, VRMS = Vpeak/√2 (≈ 0.7071 × Vpeak). In a purely resistive load, VRMS is the equivalent DC voltage that would produce the same average heating (power) as the AC waveform.